Amanuensis Monday--Elsie Crocker's Manuscript, Part 1: In England

You may have noticed that I don’t blog on a very regular basis. It has never been my goal to be a daily blogger; I would rather present any readers I may have with occasional well-researched articles than with daily notes. My blogs are sporadic, with perhaps two or three in consecutive weeks, and then perhaps one a month for several months. A quick glance at my archives will tell you that I am just now returning from a three-month absence.

Absence. As in vacation. I was not researching and writing during that time. I have nothing to offer from that period.

However, upon my return I discovered a wonderful resource for genealogical blogs, called Geneabloggers. This may be old news for some of you, but this week was the first time I ever stumbled across it. Along with links to a multitude of genealogy-related blogs, they also provide a list of daily blogging prompts. One that particularly caught my attention was Amanuensis Monday. This prompt is an encouragement to transcribe old family letters, documents, etc. Certainly I will never be a daily blogger, but for a while you will be able to count on me weekly.

You may have noticed that I have occasionally quoted a certain unpublished manuscript written by my grandmother’s sister, Elsie Crocker. She wrote it in the 1990s, but unfortunately none of us had the foresight to note the exact year. I have long intended to fully transcribe it, and now that I have the proper motivation I will do so.

Just a couple notes on how I will go about this project:

• I intend to retain all of Elsie’s original spelling and punctuation except in the case when it is an obvious typographical error or when the meaning becomes unclear. Most of the manuscript was typed with the caps lock turned on, so the choices in capitalization are mine.
• Elsie used few titles or divisions in her manuscript. All titles (i.e. title of the blog), except those included in the text, are my own. The divisions will be at my discretion and seldom original to the manuscript.
• The original manuscript was just that: a manuscript. I hope to sometimes include relevant pictures (although that may be difficult, as my scanner just died). Any comment or caption to a picture is my own, and not original to the manuscript.
• Once or twice there are stories or names that would not measure up to today’s “politically correct” standards. Remember, this was nearly a century ago, when people had different notions about what was and wasn’t acceptable. I do not believe in revising history to suit modern tastes. This does not imply approval of the old attitudes, but rather an idea that we cannot deny our past and must be able to face what we were in order to move forward.

Okay, you have waited long enough. Now for the feature presentation…

Elsie Crocker

My folks traveled to America from England (1903)

It’s the most important part of my life.

My mom and dad were both born and raised in England. I believe in Malden and Essex, County.

My dad had two sisters, both older than he. Mary was the oldest, she was married but no children. Sarah his second sister, had four children. To us she was known as Aunt Sadie. Thats what she wanted to be called. Dad had no brothers, he was the youngest.

My mother’s family was much larger, having seven children. There were five girls and two boys. Her sisters names were, (ranging in age) first Minie, Flora, (my mom) then Alice, Elsie, May who was the youngest.

My dad called my mother “Flo” for short, I guess, I like Flora best.

I was named after my mother’s two younger sisters, Elsie and May. I wished she had put the two named together as I have seen as (Elsymae).

Mother had two brothers, Arthur who was the oldest. Frank was the next oldest in their family, the girls came later.

A photograph of Elsie’s mom’s family back in England. Flora is second from the right in the back row. Elsie made a small error in claiming that the boys came first, then the girls. Arthur was, indeed, the oldest, but he was followed by Isabella, Flora, Minnie, Frank, Alice, Grace, May, and Elsie in that order.

Arthur was killed in the war, working on a loading dock. Frank was also killed while he was in the infantry, World War No I.

My mom’s dad’s name was George Amos. My brother was named after his Grandpa Amos. His name is William George Underwood.

My dad’s name was Walter Underwood I. My brother’s name is Walter Amos Underwood Jr. Walter named his son Walter Underwood III. Walter Underwood III and his wife Linda, has just celebrated the 25th. Aniversary.

Mother’s family was from what they called, in England, the middle upper class. These were people that could afford hired help, such as cooking, sewing, and cleaning and polishing their brass items.

Her father ran the ferry, and also ran a pub. The girls weren’t aloud to work in the pub. Not lady like.

They could help with the ferry. Mom told me they had a bell connect to each side of the river. The people would ring the bell that signaled for someone to fetch them from one side to the other side of the river.

The Creeksea Ferry. Presumably one of the ferrymen in this photo would have been George AMOS, but that has not been verified.

My dad was a policeman, which they called bobbies. He wore a uniform with a hat with a chin strap. The strap was placed under his chin to hold his hat on and in place. I have a picture of him with his hot off, it shows how the strap left a white mark on side of his face. Being outside all the time in the weather, the strap had protected his face under the strap. His number was 148 marker on the collar of his shirt.

This may or may not be a copy of the same photo that Elsie mentions. At any rate, it is a photograph of Walter UNDERWOOD in his bobby uniform.

 

The bobies had training just like the soldiers have in training. Dad always carried his shoulds straight. He was six feet, two inches tall. He wore a number twelve shoe. I think he was a handsome man.

He was always particular about his shoes, he kept them highly polished. He expected us to do the same. One day I missed the backs of my shoes, Dad said “You would make a good soldier.” I asked him why? He replied “Because a good soldier never looks back.”

Mom was small boned and five feet three inches tall always slim. Dad thought her very pretty. He told her he would like to keep her in a glass case. I bet when he first married her he was jealous of her. She had the bluest eyes, amost like violets. She was small featured. When she was young she had long wavy chestnut brown hair. She wore her hair up on top of her head with small curls across her forehead. She always beleived her hair changed color, since she came to America. She was a blonde when she was in England. I don’t think so as all of us were blonds when we were young. We all change to dark brown.

My parents have a better copy of this portrait of Flora AMOS, but it is two hours away at the moment, so this will have to do for now.

 

Mom never learned to sew or cook until she was married. She could knit, which she learned in school. She had a little apron she had to have at school, to keep her needles and knitting in.

Her dresses had a lot of lace and insertion. Also pleats and tucks. She wore them ankle length. A high neck with lace and a brooch at her throat. This brooch Dad had given her. She wore it a lot with her blouses. At the bottom of her dresses she had a deep ruffle. A far cry from what they wear now.

Elsie always pronounced the name “Amos” not with a lazy American schwa, but with a definite short “o” sound, and with approximately the same emphasis on both syllables, like “A-moss.”

To continue with the next installment of Elsie's manuscript, click here. 

A Little Netarts News

Last weekend I finally had an opportunity to spend a little bit of time at the Tillamook Library and go through a few historical issues of the local paper, the Headlight Herald, on microfilm. The purpose of my visit was to find obituaries or death notices for two of my family members who had resided in Tillamook county: “Aunt Sadie,” the sister of my great-grandfather, and “Uncle Alvy,” her second husband. Someday I will go back and look for more references to them and to my great-grandparents, but on this trip my time was limited. Since the newspaper is unindexed, I decided to stick to events for which I already had a definite date.

My results were not obituaries, but rather news briefs in “Netarts News,” the section devoted to the comings and goings of residents and visitors within the town of Netarts. Each community had its own section, and the tradition continues today (somewhat modified) in the Headlight Herald’s “Fencepost” columns. I printed out three of these “Netarts News” articles, and because they contain references not only to Aunt Sadie and Uncle Alvy but also to a number of other people, it seemed a good idea to share my results.

My first inclination was to retype and post the entire articles so that search engines could help find your ancestor’s name and you could see the reference with little trouble. However, in such a recent date as 1949 I believe I run afoul of copyright law. Therefore I will have to be satisfied with a list of names, and if you find a name of interest, you can either contact me or go to Tillamook yourself to see the article firsthand.

Unfortunately, I was in a bit of a rush when I found these articles, and neglected to note the page number. If you are at the Tillamook Library or Pioneer Museum looking through the microfilm for these specific articles, they should still be fairly easy to find. Just look for the “Netarts News” heading. It is always grouped with some of the other local news columns.

But enough preamble—you want to see the lists of names.

The first article I printed out, found in the 3 Mar 1949 issue, contains the nearest thing to an obituary that I have found for “Uncle Alvy,” whose real name was Walter Alvah MASON.  It mentions by name his wife, Sadie; his daughter Norma BURD; his “foster son,” Wallace KING; his “foster daughter,” Ilean NEILSON; and his sister Mrs. Laura HALE. A few paragraphs later, Mr. and Mrs. Ernest CROSS, Mrs. SCHOENBORN, and Mr. and Mrs. Frank CROSS are identified as coming into town for the funeral.

Other names found in the 3 Mar 1949 “Netarts News” are:

B. ALWINGER and son Leonard

Mr. and Mrs. Jack ARPS of Helena, Montana

Mrs. Betty BOTCHECK and daughter Martha

Mr. and Mrs. Austin BOWEN and Birdie

Mr. and Mrs. James BROWN

Miss Donna CORNETT

Mr. and Mrs. Ted CORNETT

Joan EARL

Mr. and Mrs. Clarence EDNER

Mr. and Mrs. Robert EDNER and their daughter Lynda of Portland

Harvey EVERHART of Aurora

P. D. GENY of Willamina

Mr. and Mrs. George HANSON of Portland

Mr. and Mrs. James HILFERTY

Mrs. JAGER of Portland

Mr. and Mrs. J. F. “Monte” JAGER

Mr. and Mrs. John JEANS and daughter Mary Sue of Palo Alto, California

Mr. and Mrs. Carl JENSEN of Gervais

Mr. and Mrs. Homer JOHNSON

Mr. and Mrs. Al KRENZ

Mr. and Mrs. Ed LAURS

Miss Carol LOOP

Mr. and Mrs. Ben MALKSON

Miss Sharon MALLOTT

Mr. and Mrs. MILLER and son Howard of Portland

Mr. and Mrs. C. J. OWEN of Portland

Mr. and Mrs. Laurance RICE

Mr. and Mrs. W. H. SOUSA

The second article is from the 3 Nov 1949 edition of the Headlight Herald, and reports the news that Sadie MASON is in the hospital. Actually, she had passed away on 1 Nov, two days before the release of this issue. However, as the Headlight Herald was, and continues to be, a weekly newspaper, the deadlines for columns arrive a few days before the release of the paper and therefore cannot be up to the minute. No longer residing in Netarts since the death of her husband, Sadie is identified as “sister of Walter UNDERWOOD.”

Other names found in the 3 Nov 1949 “Netarts News” are:

Mr. and Mrs. B. ALWINGER

Austin BOWEN

Mr. and Mrs. George COFFMAN

Donna CORNETT

Mr. and Mrs. John CORNETT

Ted CORNETT

David, small son of Mr. and Mrs. C. DeVRIE

Mrs. A. D. FISHER

Mr. and Mrs. Wayne GLENN and son Stanley

Mr. and Mrs. Earl GROSHONG

Mrs. ISHAIA (of Oregon City?)

Mrs. JACK (of Oregon City?)

Mrs. Nellie JOHNSON of Oregon City

Dee LUCKY

Jack MADISON

Jim MEANS of Portland

Mr. and Mrs. Ronald SALING and children

The following week, 10 Nov 1949, brought us the third and final article that I printed out, and which reports the death of Sadie MASON. Unfortunately, when setting the microfilm reader for printing I cropped too closely in and only part of the article is visible. My list of names on this one will be incomplete. Two of the names (noted in parentheses) are found in the paragraph that I cut off.

Other names found in the 10 Nov 1949 “Netarts News” are:

Mrs. COOK

Mr. and Mrs. Ernest CROSS

Mr. and Mrs. Clare EDNER (incomplete)

Mrs. Harry GROSHONG (incomplete)

B.C. KING

Mr. and Mrs. R. C. KING

Ernest PALINSKA and brother of Stanford, Conn.

Mrs. PALINSKA and baby

Mrs. Laura POLLOCK of Portland

Mrs. Caroline WELLMAN

If your ancestor is included in one of the above lists of names, the reference could be as mundane as “So-and-so was visiting such-and-such a place last week” or “So-and-so was a guest at this party.” It could also be as genealogically helpful as “So-and-so, who used to live in Netarts with her parents, Mr. and Mrs. This-name when they were doing this business, and now lives in such-and-such a place, was visiting These People.”

Sources:

“Netarts News.” Headlight Herald [Tillamook] 3 Mar 1949. Microfilm.

“Netarts News.” Headlight Herald [Tillamook] 3 Nov 1949. Microfilm.

“Netarts News.” Headlight Herald [Tillamook] 10 Nov 1949. Microfilm.

The Hunt for Joseph WADE

You may recall from a previous blog (“Old Ben Wade”) that I have long been in search of the origins of my great-great-great-grandfather. I know but little of him. I know that his name was Joseph WADE, that he was born c. 1797 in Ohio, and that his wife’s name was Mary. He appears in the 1850 census at Bond county, Illinois, but by 1860 his wife, presumably a widow, is living with her son Allen in Spruce, Bates, Missouri. The exact when and where of Joseph’s death is still a mystery.

Finding him in the 1840 census has been a challenge, as that census gives only the names of the heads of household and tallies up the age and gender distribution within each household without naming its members. Fortunately, I have a fair idea how the Joseph WADE household would have looked in 1840, through simple mathematics applied to the known and suspected family members. Firstly, there would be Joseph himself, aged about 33. His wife, Mary, would be about 34. Possibly there would be a daughter Susan, if she was indeed his daughter, aged about 20. Then would come his son Urial, age 17, my great-great-grandfather Allen Cimeron, age 14, Melissa, age 6, and finally, if he had been born at the date of the census, Joseph S., age 0.

However, knowing the makeup of the household has not proven conclusive in identifying which Joseph WADE is 1840 is our Joseph WADE. A glance at the known birthplaces of the children shows that we can most likely expect to find them somewhere in Indiana, but since we find that information exclusively in records compiled at much later dates we cannot take it for gospel truth. It seems that prior to living in Indiana they resided in Ohio. There are a few Joseph WADE households in both Indiana and Ohio that appear promising, but more information is required before one can be selected definitively.

Recently, that information popped up unexpectedly. I had an opportunity to view the Civil War service records of Joseph S. WADE (who has a fascinating history himself; perhaps one of these days I will devote a blog to him). The records included his certificate of enlistment in the 2nd Nebraska Cavalry. This enlistment certificate gave not only his birth date but the state and county of birth. This was the key to identifying the correct WADE family in 1840. Remember, that was the year of Joseph S.’s birth, so his birthplace would be the location of the entire family in the census year. The record revealed his place of birth to be Jay county, Indiana.

Bells pealed and alarms clanged in my head. In my search for a matching Joseph WADE household, the one toward which I had most leaned was located in Jay county, Indiana. The age ranges and genders of the household members are as follows:

1 M 0-5

1 M 10-15

1 M 15-20

1 M 40-50

2 F 5-10

1 F 40-50

Clearly, these are exactly what is to be expected in our Joseph WADE’s family, with the exception of an extra female between the ages of 5-10. There is also no female the expected age for Susan, but she is not proven to be a daughter of Joseph WADE, and besides would have been at an age to marry.

A cursory glance at the rest of the page informs us that a few other WADE households were in the vicinity. If we assume the heads to be the oldest male in each household, we see that Josiah WADE could have been the father of all, with his age between 70-80. Robert would have been near Joseph’s own age, being between 30-40, and Jefferson would be the youngest already out on his own, being only in his 20s.

We can derive a little more information by looking at the 1850 census for Jay county. The only WADE household remaining is that of William Harrison WADE, age 31. He was most likely the male between the ages of 15-20 in Josiah’s house in 1840. This conjecture is supported by the fact that Josiah himself, now age 85, is residing in the same household.

In looking for some more information on the WADEs of Jay county, I found a transcription of History of Fremont County, Iowa, which contains the biographies of William Harrison WADE, Jefferson WADE, and Sanford W.H. WADE. You will likely recognize the first two names, and the last turns out to be a son of Jefferson WADE.

The biography of William Harrison WADE informs us that he had been

born in Highland county Ohio, June 6, 1818, where he resided until 1828, when he went with his father’s family to Jay county, Indiana... Mr. Wade came to Iowa, October 23, 1865, locating in Fremont county... Mr. Wade was married June 11, 1846, to Miss Maleva Racer, by which union the following children were born to them: Thomas J., Martin, Andrew J., Martha E., and Mahala, all living, and Mary J., deceased. This wife died in January 1859. Mr. Wade married for his second wife, Miss Susan A. Fletcher January 10, 1862. She died August 10, 1877. In March, 1878, he was married again, this time to Mrs. Susanah J. Swigley: Mrs. Swigley was married to her first husband August 15, 1853, by whom she had nine children, seven living. (“Sidney...” 756)

Although neither biography explicitly tells us that William Harrison and Jefferson are brothers, we can infer that to be the case by observing the parallels in their stories and reflecting upon what we know of them in Jay county. Jefferson was

born August 15, 1812, in Adams county, Ohio, where he lived until sixteen years of age. In 1828 he moved with his father to Jay county, Indiana... Mr. Wade came to this county in 1844, and located on the farm he now owns. He was married in August, 1839, to Miss Maria Vinard, and to them the following children have been born: Sanford W.H., Aaron, Mahala, Mary, Franklin P. and Andrew J. - all living. (“Sidney...” 755)

To complete the catalogue of relevant information, Sanford W.H.’s biography reveals that he was “born in Jay county, Indiana, April 30, 1838, where he lived until the spring of 1844, when he came to Fremont county with his father’s family.” (“Sidney...” 757)

Given the information gleaned from the three biographies, along with what we already know, we can begin to flesh out the members of most of the WADE households in 1840:

Robert WADE household

2 M 0-5

1 M 10-15

1 M 30-40 = Robert

1 F 0-5

1 F 5-10

1 F 10-15

1 F 30-40

Josiah WADE household

1 M 15-20 = William Harrison (1818)

1 M 70-80 = Josiah (1765)

1 F 10-15

1 F 50-60

Jefferson WADE household

2 M 0-5 = Sanford W.H. (1838), Aaron?

1 M 20-30 = Jefferson (1812)

1 F 30-40 = Maria (1820)

Joseph WADE household

1 M 0-5 = Joseph S. (1840)

1 M 10-15 = Allen Cimeron (1826)

1 M 15-20 = Urial (1823)

1 M 40-50 = Joseph (1797)

2 F 5-10 = Melissa (1834), ???

1 F 40-50 = Mary (1796)

Since all these WADEs were located in Richland Township, that is a natural place to begin the search for land records. The BLM website shows six land patents for WADEs in Jay county, all of them within what came to be known as Richland Township, and all between the years 1837-1839. The first, dated 20 Mar 1837, is for an Edmund WADE of Greene Co., Indiana. This is an unexpected name and does not fall into any of the WADE households in the 1840 census. Therefore, it seems that by 1840 he must have died, moved away, or been residing in a household headed by someone with a surname other than WADE.

Second, on 1 Aug 1837, comes Josiah WADE of Randolph County, Indiana. At that time, Randolph county included all of the current county by that name along with present-day Jay county. Assuming that this is the Josiah WADE of the 1840 and 1850 censuses, he would have been about 73 years old at the time of this land patent. Four days later, on 5 Aug 1837, Harrison WADE of Randolph County, Indiana, purchased the 40 acres just north of Josiah’s land. If this is William Harrison WADE, he would have been only 19 years old.

Two WADEs bought land in Richland Township on the same date, 20 Aug 1838. Joseph WADE of Randolph County, Indiana, possibly my great-great-great grandfather, bought 80 acres adjoining the land of Harrison WADE, which seems to confirm to some extent the possibly of their being related. Robert WADE of Highland County, Ohio, bought another 80 acres not far away. The fact that he came from Highland County, Ohio, which the biography of William Harrison WADE gives as the subject’s birthplace, indicates a possibility of relationship. However, the fact that he seems to have been living in Ohio up to this point rather than in Indiana with the rest of the Richland Township WADEs implies that he may be a more distant relation: perhaps a cousin instead of a brother.

Josiah WADE, now identified as being from Jay County, Indiana, which has been newly formed, bought an additional 80 acres in Richland Township on 20 Sept 1839. This land is a little farther away from his other land and the land of the other WADEs, and one wonders what the purpose of this purchase would have been.

The adjoining properties of Josiah, Harrison, and Joseph WADE became known as the “Wade Settlement.” We know from a biography of a later occupant of their land that the WADEs built at least one “hewed log house” (Jay 363). In 1854, Harrison WADE, who is explicitly identified as Josiah’s son, platted a village which he called Mt. Vernon (“Incorporated...”). The name was later changed to Redkey, and Redkey it remains to this day.

An interesting excerpt from the History of Jay County, Indiana describes the first school in Redkey and raises a provocative question about Josiah Wade:

Concerning the first building used for school purposes on the present site of Redkey... it was probably built about 1839 or 1840. The dimensions are believed to have been about 18 x 20 feet. It was built of round logs and the chinks were daubed with mud. The clapboard roof was held on by weight poles. The floor was made of puncheons laid on the ground. On the west a log was cut out and the opening was covered with greased paper for a window. At the north end of the building was a large fireplace with a chimney made of sticks and clay. The seats were rough benches without backs, made of split logs, with wooden pins for legs. The only desk in the room was a writing desk the length of the room, made of a hewed slab laid on wooden pegs driven into holes in the wall beneath the paper window. In the southeast corner, facing the east, was a door made of hewed slabs and hung on wooden hinges. There is a tradition—that may not be true—that the first teacher in this building was a very old man (Josiah Wade), the first settler of the town, an old hunter, who had in his younger days been a companion of Daniel Boone. (Montgomery 229)

A quick search on Google for “Daniel Boone and Josiah Wade” reveals that Daniel Boone did, indeed, have a companion named Josiah or Josias WADE, but it would take a great deal of investigation to prove that this was the same man. I will set this question aside for now, as a tantalizing rumor.

Richland Township lies in the southwest corner of Jay county, bordering present-day Randolph county to the south and Delaware county to the west. To the northwest, Blackford county takes a small bite of Richland Township, preventing it from being a perfect quadrilateral and giving it something of the shape of Utah. With so many other counties within so short a distance, it makes sense to widen our search for land patents.

Revising the boundaries of our search to include not only Richland Township, but also other nearby townships, we find that Josiah WADE of Delaware County, Indiana purchased 80 acres in Delaware Township on 5 Apr 1836. The idea that this is the same Josiah WADE who later lived in Richland Township is supported by the fact that Jefferson WADE of Delaware County, Indiana bought some land in Green Township (which adjoins both Richland and Delaware Townships) on 30 Mar 1837. There is also a marriage record for Jefferson WADE and Mariah VENARD in Delaware County on 30 July 1837. This is, of course, a slightly date than we were led to expect from Jefferson’s biography, but we must remember that the biography was written many years later and a few such errors are likely to intrude.

However, by far, the most interesting document to me is a land patent for Joseph WADE dated 2 Nov 1837. It is for a purchase of 63.04 acres in Green Township, Randolph county. What makes it so interesting to me is that, although the land is said to be purchased by Joseph WADE, the patent seems have been filed on his behalf by Josiah WADE. This is the most compelling evidence yet for a familial connection between the two.

Of course, this research into the WADEs of Jay county will be ongoing. For now, the evidence that my Joseph WADE is related to at least two of the other WADEs on the 1840 census of Richland Township is circumstantial but abundant. The relationship may have to bear quite a bit more investigation before its exact nature can be proven, although in the meantime we can work on the hypothesis that Josiah was Joseph’s father.

For more on the WADE family, see “The WADEs in 1820.”

Sources:

1840 U.S. Census. Jay County, Indiana; p. 76; 1840. “1840 United States Federal Census.” Ancestry. Web. 3 Mar 2012.

1850 U.S. Census. Richland Township, Jay County, Indiana; p. 358, family 48, dwelling 48, lines 33-37 (household of William H Wade); 20 Aug 1850. “1850 United States Federal Census.” Ancestry. Web. 3 Mar 2012.

1850 U.S. Census. Schedule I. Bond County, Illinois; p. 44, family 322, dwelling 321, lines 20-24 (household of Joseph Wade); 20 Aug 1850. “1850 United States Federal Census.” Ancestry. Web.

1860 U.S. Federal Census. Schedule 1. Spruce Township, Bates County, Missouri; p. 158, family 1100, dwelling 1090, lines 4-14 (household of Alen C. Wade); 8 Aug 1860. “1860 United States Federal Census.” Ancestry. Web.

“Compiled Service Records of Volunteer Union Soldiers Who Served in Organizations from the Territory of Nebraska, 1861-65.” Volunteer Enlistment for Joseph S. Wade, 25 Oct 1862, Falls City, Nebraska. NARA M1787. National Archives and Records Administration. Fold3. Web. 31 Mar 2012.

“Delaware County Marriages W.” Index to the Delaware County Marriage Records. Indiana GenWeb. Web. 20 Apr 2012.

“Incorporated Cities and Towns.” Jay County Historical Society. Jay County Historical Society, 30 Jun 2009. Web. 3 Apr 2012.

Jay, Milton T. “Fiers, James Walter.” History of Jay County Indiana. Vol II. Indianapolis: Historical Publishing Co., 1922. 362-64. Jay County Bios D-E-F. Indiana GenWeb, 2011. Web. 21 Apr 2012. Transcribed by Eloine Chesnut.

Montgomery, M.W. History of Jay County, Indiana: including its World War record and incorporating the Montgomery history. Ed. Milton T. Jay. Vol. 1. Indianapolis: Historical Publishing Co., 1922. Google Books, 29 May 2009. Web. 22 Apr 2012. Original from Indiana University.

“Sidney Township Biographies S-Y.” History of Fremont County, Iowa. Des Moines: Iowa Historical Company, 1881. 749-58. History of Fremont County, Iowa 1881. USGenNet. Web. 3 Apr 2012. Transcribed by D.J. Coover.

Wade, Edmund. Land Patent. 1837. Doc #7922. Fort Wayne Land Office. Bureau of Land Management. “General Land Office Records.” BLM GLO Records. U.S. Department of the Interior. Web. 1 Apr 2012.

Wade, Harrison. Land Patent. 1837. Doc #13795. Fort Wayne Land Office. Bureau of Land Management. “General Land Office Records.” BLM GLO Records. U.S. Department of the Interior. Web. 1 Apr 2012.

Wade, Jefferson. Land Patent. 1837. Doc #9029. Fort Wayne Land Office. Bureau of Land Management. “General Land Office Records.” BLM GLO Records. U.S. Department of the Interior. Web. 20 Apr 2012. 

Wade, Joseph. Land Patent. 1837. Doc #15095. Fort Wayne Land Office. Bureau of Land Management. “General Land Office Records.” BLM GLO Records. U.S. Department of the Interior. Web. 20 Apr 2012.

Wade, Joseph. Land Patent. 1838. Doc #19098. Fort Wayne Land Office. Bureau of Land Management. “General Land Office Records.” BLM GLO Records. U.S. Department of the Interior. Web. 1 Apr 2012. 

Wade, Josiah. Land Patent. 1836. Doc #4080. Fort Wayne Land Office. Bureau of Land Management. “General Land Office Records.” BLM GLO Records. U.S. Department of the Interior. Web. 20 Apr 2012.

Wade, Josiah. Land Patent. 1837. Doc #13242. Fort Wayne Land Office. Bureau of Land Management. “General Land Office Records.” BLM GLO Records. U.S. Department of the Interior. Web. 1 Apr 2012. 

Wade, Josiah. Land Patent. 1839. Doc #21517. Fort Wayne Land Office. Bureau of Land Management. “General Land Office Records.” BLM GLO Records. U.S. Department of the Interior. Web. 1 Apr 2012. 

Wade, Robert. Land Patent. 1838. Doc #20136. Fort Wayne Land Office. Bureau of Land Management. “General Land Office Records.” BLM GLO Records. U.S. Department of the Interior. Web. 1 Apr 2012.

The Brosius Family: Margrette’s Second Marriage

(Continued from “The Brosius Family: South Shenango,1862-1863”)

A widow had to wear hideous black dresses without even a touch of braid to enliven them, no flower or ribbon or lace or even jewelry, except onyx mourning brooches or necklaces made from the deceased’s hair. And the black crêpe veil on her bonnet had to reach to her knees, and only after three years of widowhood could it be shortened to shoulder length.

—Margaret Mitchell, Gone With the Wind (pp. 94-5)

While the attitude displayed in the preceding passage represents that of the fictional Southern belle Scarlett O’Hara, who had married for spite and did not feel any real grief for her husband, the description gives a fairly accurate portrayal of what a widow would have worn at that time. The description is a little exaggerated as far as duration is concerned; the knee-length veil could be shortened after a year and a day. The difference, however, may be accounted for in part by Scarlett’s relatively exalted social position, as mourning customs were dictated not in a one-size-fits-all manner, but varied according to status and personal taste. Because death often arrived unexpectedly, the clothing was often purchased ready-made. The full outfit could be afforded only by the wealthy. Poorer women often observed mourning by dying their own dresses black.

Widow’s weeds, as women’s mourning garments were nicknamed, were not—at least originally—intended to be restrictive (and whether they became such depended largely on the personality of the wearer), but rather as a sort of emotional protection. The clothing signaled to the world that a person was in mourning, and that care needed to be used in conversation so that one would not inadvertently stumble upon tender subjects. Moreover, a woman could weep privately behind her veil without the embarrassment of strangers seeing her tears or puffy eyes. And if by chance a widow were to be caught in her grief, the reason for it would be tacitly understood.

As the Civil War progressed, widow’s weeds became a more and more common sight. Margrette Brosius was one among this growing troop of women. Her husband, Adam, had died not in the war, but about a month before it began. Family lore holds that he was kicked by a mule, but that may or may not have been the case, as the Brosius oral history is notoriously inexact. Sometimes it is said that it was his son, John, almost sixty years later, who was kicked by the mule. No matter how it had happened, the bare fact was that Adam Brosius was dead and Margrette would have donned the uniform of a widow.

The children would also have been dressed in mourning. The baby Rebecca, possibly not even born until after the death of her father, would have been spared the heavy black and had instead perhaps some black ribbons tied on her white baby clothes. Mary and John, being older, would probably have worn black, or at least a black armband, for their period of mourning, which would have lasted six months to a year. This, though a long period of time to alter one’s attire by today’s standards, was still shorter than the length of time expected of a widow. This is not to say that, except for Scarlett O’Hara and perhaps a few others, the mourning garb outlasted the actual period of grief. In fact, many women—Queen Victoria is a notable example—chose to take up widow’s weeds for the rest of their lives.

The customary length of time for a widow to remain in mourning was two and a half years. Adam Brosius had died early in March 1861, therefore it was probably late 1863 or early 1864 when Margrette remarried. The war was still in progress, but somehow Margrette met and married a man named John Rodgers. He had been born in Ireland, and was almost precisely three years younger than she. In fact, their birthdays were only a day apart.

On 15 Jan 1865 they were blessed by the birth of their first daughter together. They named her Sarah Elizabeth, and called her by her middle name. Elizabeth Rodgers was born near the close of the Civil War; only a few months later, on 9 Apr 1865, Gen. Robert E. Lee surrendered at Appomattox, signaling the end of the war. A few Confederate armies held out longer—some as late as June—but Lee’s surrender was such a turning point that it has become the accepted practice to date the end of the war by it.

With the end of the war, the thoughts of many Americans returned to an idea expressed over a century earlier by Bishop George Berkeley:

Westward the course of empire takes its way;

The first four acts already past,

A fifth shall close the drama with the day;

Time’s noblest offspring is the last.

The idea had become known as Manifest Destiny. In other words, “Go west, young man, go West and grow up with the country.” The nation was burgeoning—had already reached the Pacific Ocean—and young people everywhere aspired to be part of the expansion. The Homestead Act promised free, or at least cheap, land; the transcontinental railroad was on its way to completion and already new rail lines were beginning to drape the wilderness like a web. New methods and technologies gave farms a chance to succeed on the Great Plains, a chance once deemed impossible.

The family now headed by John Rodgers in Crawford County, Pennsylvania, was not immune to the excitement. Whether John Rodgers had come to the United States with the intention of eventually going west, or whether he was enticed by railroad advertisements or friends, the opportunities of the west certainly began to catch his attention.

Kansas had achieved statehood shortly before the war, and now that hostilities were at an end, and the violent days of “Bleeding Kansas” were over, this new land must have seemed filled with potential for his growing family. With the addition of a baby they named James (“Jim”) on 15 July 1868 the family had reached seven members.

A move west was no small undertaking, neither logistically nor financially. If he was going to move his family west, John Rodgers would have to come up with a great deal of money to do it. But he saw one fair prospect at hand: the land left behind by his wife Margrette’s first husband, Adam Brosius. There was timber on that land, and timber could raise money. So John Rodgers harvested the timber.

Unfortunately, he must have neglected to discuss this decision with his stepchildren, because Mary, John, and Rebecca Brosius, though all still minors, sued him “for the waste he has committed” (Brosius). The land, they claimed, belonged to them, not to John Rodgers. They evidently came to some sort of agreement with their stepfather, however, because the suit was dropped.

In the meantime, Mary Brosius had reached maturity and had a suitor in a twenty-five-year-old widower named Joseph Patterson Christy, Jr. Pat, as he was called, had recently returned from Wisconsin with his son, Andrew, a toddler. Men were not accustomed to raise children in those days, and a toddler would have been quite a challenge for a suddenly single young man. Therefore, it probably seemed quite natural that Andrew was living at his grandparents’ house rather than with his father.

Perhaps the lawsuit against John Rodgers was dropped in order not to tarnish the joy of Mary Brosius’ upcoming nuptials. Within a month of the filing of the lawsuit, on 19 May 1869, she and Pat were united in marriage. Undoubtedly the rest of the family celebrated her wedding before beginning the journey west. Mary would remain with her new husband in Crawford County, Pennsylvania when John Rodgers and the remainder of his household combined with

All the pulses of the world,

Falling in they beat for us, with the Western movement beat,

Holding single or together, steady moving to the front, all for us,

Pioneers! O pioneers! (Whitman 198)

 (Continues with “Rodgers-Brosius family in Bourbon county, 1869-1873ish.”)

Citations and Selected Sources:

Berkeley, George. "On the Prospect of Planting Arts and Learning in America." 1726. The Home Book of Verse. Ed. Burton Egbert Stevenson. Seventh ed. New York: Henry Holt and, 1945. 2565. Print. 

Brosious, John. The Petition of John Brosious for Guardian. 13 Apr 1869. Petition to the Orphan Court of Crawford County. Office of Clerk of Courts, Meadville, Pennsylvania. Xerox copy sent to the author by Gloria Brosius.

Brosius, Mary. Petition of Mary Brosius for Guardian ad Litem. 13 Apr 1869. Petition to the Orphan Court of Crawford County. Office of Clerk of Courts, Meadville, Pennsylvania. Xerox copy sent to the author by Gloria Brosius.

Mitchell, Margaret. Gone With the Wind. Garden City, New York: International Collectors Library American Headquarters, 1936. 94-5. Print.

Rodgers, Margret Ann. The Petition of Rebecca Brotious for Guardian. 13 Apr 1869. Petition to the Orphan Court of Crawford County. Office of Clerk of Courts, Meadville, Pennsylvania. Xerox copy sent to the author by Gloria Brosius. 

Whitman, Walt. “Pioneers! O Pioneers!” Leaves of Grass. New York: Signet Classic, 1955. 196-199. Print.

Romance in Omaha

Today would have been my grandfather’s 87^th birthday. Would have been. Last month he passed away, and is at long last back with Grandma. One of his all-time favorite stories to tell was the account of how he met Grandma, and it was also one of my favorite stories to hear. This story is doubly appropriate right now, given that yesterday was Valentine’s Day, and this is the tale of a real-life romance.

Grandpa’s real name was Francis Albert Hoyt, Jr., but he always went by “Jack.” Grandma was born Rose Stroesser, but she had the nickname of “Frenchie.” Both had served the U.S. Navy during WWII, but that is not how they met. Rose had been stationed most of the time in Washington, D.C. , whereas Jack served aboard the U.S.S. Moffett and saw quite a bit of action in the Mediterranean. When the war was over, he became restless, never content to stay home.

He lived in Council Bluffs, Iowa, just across the river from Omaha, Nebraska. He spent a great deal of time in Omaha, as it was the larger city. There was a dance hall on 19^th and Dodge Street called the Music Box. Many local big bands passed through there, including Lawrence Welk in his early days. The Music Box was more than just a dance hall; above the dance floor was a mezzanine containing a lounge, and on the third floor was a bowling alley.

Jack occasionally worked at the Music Box as a bouncer. The dance floor was for all ages, but the lounge was only for those 21 or older. Perhaps he helped to enforce the age restriction. He has also mentioned that there were rules against letting go of your partner’s hand, and he would remind the jitterbuggers to hang on. One evening, as Jack was in the bar (whether he was bouncer or patron that night, he has never mentioned), a lovely young woman and a group of her friends passed through on their way to the bowling alley. 

Rose and a date (not Jack) in the lounge at the Music Box, 19 Jan 1947

“Who is that woman?” Jack asked the bartender.

“That’s Frenchie Stroesser,” the bartender replied. “Stay away from her. She’s out of your league.” (Or words to that effect.)

Jack remained nonplussed. “Joe,” he said, “I’ll have you know I’m going to marry that woman.”

The bartender bet him a fifth of bourbon that he wouldn’t. But of course, Jack won the bet. And whenever he told this story he would always add, “I never got the bourbon, though.” But that didn’t matter to him because he did get the girl.

Quite often Jack would end the story there, but my favorite part was in a postscript. There were several things he had to do before marrying Rose. He had to ask her father for her hand, and he had to convert to Catholicism. But also, most delightfully to my ears, he had to persuade her to marry him.

Jack had been born 15 Feb 1925, but Rose had been born 5 May 1924. Although their ages were close, the fact remained that Rose was older. Her brothers and sisters teased her about “robbing the cradle,” and she was self-conscious about it. But Jack found the perfect way around their nine month age difference:

God made a man for every woman, he told her. However, there was a slight error when He created Rose—there was no man for her! So He immediately got to work. Nine months later along came Jack. This clever anecdote did the trick. Jack Hoyt and Rose Stroesser were married on 25 June 1949.

Wedding portrait of Jack and Rose Hoyt

The Brosius Family: South Shenango, 1862-1863

(Continued from “The Brosius Family: South Shenango, 1861.”)

The petition of John McGranahan Administrator of the Estate of Adam Brocas late of said County deceased, respectfully represents… That the personal Estate of said decedent is insufficient to pay his debts and that it is requisite to sell a portion of his real Estate for the payment thereof…

—Petition of Administrator to sell land, 10 Apr 1862

The Civil War had been raging for a year, already a much longer and deadlier war then either side had expected, but in Crawford County, Pennsylvania, life went on much as usual. Perhaps the newspapers were read more assiduously, and perhaps some of the neighbors had enlisted and were off fighting the war or had already been killed, but still all the ordinary chores must be attended to and debts must be paid.

The widow Margrette Brosius was presumably living with her three children on the family farm in South Shenango Township. The two older children, Mary and John—ages 13-14 and 10-11 respectively—were old enough to help out around the house and on the farm, but the youngest, Rebecca, was now only about a year old. Upon the death of her husband, Adam, Margrette had been left not only the three children, but also debts amounting to over $950. It need hardly be said that this was an enormous sum for the year 1862. Adam’s “personal assetts” were able to cover a part of the debt, but the family was still left with a balance of $585.27. There seemed to be but one solution: sell some of the real estate.

The administrator for Adam’s estate, a man by the name of John McGranahan, petitioned the Orphan Court of Crawford County for permission to do just that. The request was granted, and the following month he sold forty acres of the Brosius land to a David K. Wier for $700, more than enough to pay off the debts Adam had left behind. It appears that for now Margrette and her children were more or less comfortably situated; they were able to settle their debts and still had over sixty acres, including “thirty-five acres improved” on which stood a house, barn, and orchard.

However, the nation was still in the midst of the Civil War, and no one could feel completely at ease. The famous Confederate general Robert E. Lee was achieving victory after victory, pushing his troops ever northward. By June of 1863, they had reached the state of Pennsylvania. Although their particular position was about two hundred miles away, it surely felt to close for comfort to the people of South Shenango. If the Confederate forces were to continue their advance, fighting could soon be on their very doorsteps.

(Continues with “The Brosius Family: Margrette’s Second Marriage.”)

Citations:

Kitchen, Cyrus, recorder. Deed. 19 May 1862. Deed from Adam Brocius’s Administrator to David K. Wier. Office of the Recorder of Deeds, Meadville, Pennsylvania. Xerox copy sent to the author by Gloria Brosius.

McGranahan, John. Adam Brocus Dec. Petition of Administrator to Sell Land. 10 Apr 1862. Petition to the Orphan Court of Crawford County. Office of Clerk of Courts, Meadville, Pennsylvania. Xerox copy sent to the author by Gloria Brosius.

The Brosius Family: South Shenango, 1861

Library of Congress [Public domain], via Wikimedia Commons

The Capitol building was a sight, looking strangely like a three-tiered wedding cake with an oil well in the place that should be occupied by figures of the bride and groom. The explanation for this unusual sight was mundane enough: the domed roof was in the process of replacement. Over 25,000 people, many of them strangers to the city, milled in the sun-warmed streets, but their interest did not lie in the reconstruction of a dome. They were engrossed in the events unfolding at the foot of the edifice.

A tall, homely man, seeming even taller in his high top hat, stood up after an introduction and approached the podium. There was a moment of uncertainty as he searched for a place to set his hat. The atmosphere was turbulent. Opinions regarding this man varied, and there was no doubt but that this crowd was about to witness history. Whether the history they were to witness was to be an inauguration or an assassination remained a question.

“…I do not consider it necessary at present for me to discuss those matters of administration about which there is no special anxiety or excitement,” said Abraham Lincoln. Clearly in his inaugural address he was going to discuss the divisive issues of slavery and the southern secession. He had not yet been sworn in, but his administration was already plagued with difficulties: two months before, partly in response to his election, seven of the southernmost slave states had already seceded from the Union, and four others were poised to follow suit. Moreover, when the newly created Confederate government insisted that the government of the United States hand over some of their Federal forts, they were refused. The South responded by seizing the forts. Tensions were high, and it was readily apparent that the country was on the verge of war.

Although the thoughts of many citizens revolved around the secessionists and the probability of war, one household in northwestern Pennsylvania was distracted by another, more immediate distress. Only three days before Lincoln’s inauguration, that is, on 1 March 1861, death had claimed Adam Brosius. Adam had been the head of the Brosius household which resided on 100 or so acres in the township of South Shenango in Crawford County. His young widow, Margrette, only 27 years of age, and possibly still pregnant with their daughter Rebecca, was left alone to raise three children.

The family had been started early; Adam had been only 31 or 32 at the time of his death, yet his oldest child, a girl named Mary, was already 12 or 13 years old. John S., the second child, was 9 or 10. The relative ages of Mary and her mother Margrette, as well as the large age gap between John and Rebecca, suggest the possibility that Margrette may have been Adam’s second wife and Mary and John’s stepmother. At this point no evidence has been found to either support or disprove this hypothesis, and it bears only academic relevance to our present narrative, so we will set the question aside for later research.

Whether mother or stepmother, Margrette was faced with the daunting task of running a farm and being what would now be called a single mother of three—and this just as the country was beginning its descent into the longest and the bloodiest war it had yet experienced. Just over a month after her husband’s death, the first shots were fired at Fort Sumter.

(Continues with “The Brosius Family: South Shenango, 1862-1863.”)

Citation:

“President Abraham Lincoln’s First Inauguration.” The Civil War. Son of the South. Web. Accessed 7 Feb 2012.